Academic Papers

Abrams P, et al. The standardisation of terminology of lower urinary tract function: report from the Standardisation Sub-committee of the International Continence Society. 2002; 21:167-78. doi: 10.1002/nau.10052

Bump RC, et al. The standardization of terminology of female pelvic organ prolapse and pelvic floor dysfunction. 1996; 175:10-7. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(96)70243-0

Irwin DE, et al. Population-based survey of urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, and other lower urinary tract symptoms in five countries: results of the EPIC study. 2006; 50:1306-14; discussion 1314-5. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2006.09.019

Haylen BT, et al. An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction. 2010; 21:5-26. doi: 10.1007/s00192-009-0976-9

Olsen AL, et al. Epidemiology of surgically managed pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. 1997; 89:501-6. doi: 10.1016/S0029-7844(97)00058-6

Nygaard I, et al. Prevalence of symptomatic pelvic floor disorders in US women. 2008; 300:1311-6. doi: 10.1001/jama.300.11.1311

Schäfer W, et al. Good urodynamic practices: uroflowmetry, filling cystometry, and pressure-flow studies. 2002; 21:261-74. doi: 10.1002/nau.10066

Wu JM, et al. Lifetime risk of stress urinary incontinence or pelvic organ prolapse surgery. 2014; 123:1201-1206. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000286

Milsom I, et al. How widespread are the symptoms of an overactive bladder and how are they managed? A population-based prevalence study. 2001; 87:760-6. doi: 10.1046/j.1464-410x.2001.02228.x

Gormley EA, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of overactive bladder (non-neurogenic) in adults: AUA/SUFU guideline amendment. 2015; 193:1572-80. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.01.087

Irwin DE, et al. Worldwide prevalence estimates of lower urinary tract symptoms, overactive bladder, urinary incontinence and bladder outlet obstruction. 2011; 108:1132-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09993.x

Gormley EA, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of overactive bladder (non-neurogenic) in adults: AUA/SUFU guideline. 2012; 188:2455-63. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.079

Avery K, et al. ICIQ: a brief and robust measure for evaluating the symptoms and impact of urinary incontinence. 2004; 23:322-30. doi: 10.1002/nau.20041

Khullar V, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of mirabegron, a β(3)-adrenoceptor agonist, in patients with overactive bladder: results from a randomised European-Australian phase 3 trial. 2013; 63:283-95. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.10.016

Altman D, et al. Anterior colporrhaphy versus transvaginal mesh for pelvic-organ prolapse. 2011; 364:1826-36. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1009521

Richter HE, et al. Retropubic versus transobturator midurethral slings for stress incontinence. 2010; 362:2066-76. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0912658

Hanno PM, et al. AUA guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. 2011; 185:2162-70. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.03.064

Coyne KS, et al. The impact of overactive bladder, incontinence and other lower urinary tract symptoms on quality of life, work productivity, sexuality and emotional well-being in men and women: results from the EPIC study. 2008; 101:1388-95. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2008.07601.x

Nitti VW, et al. Results of a randomized phase III trial of mirabegron in patients with overactive bladder. 2013; 189:1388-95. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.10.017

Rockwood TH, et al. Fecal Incontinence Quality of Life Scale: quality of life instrument for patients with fecal incontinence. 2000; 43:9-16; discussion 16-7. doi: 10.1007/BF02237236

Chapple C, et al. OnabotulinumtoxinA 100 U significantly improves all idiopathic overactive bladder symptoms and quality of life in patients with overactive bladder and urinary incontinence: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 2013; 64:249-56. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.04.001

Wagg A, et al. Persistence with prescribed antimuscarinic therapy for overactive bladder: a UK experience. 2012; 110:1767-74. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11023.x

Hendrix SL, et al. Pelvic organ prolapse in the Women’s Health Initiative: gravity and gravidity. 2002; 186:1160-6. doi: 10.1067/mob.2002.123819

Barber MD, et al. Short forms of two condition-specific quality-of-life questionnaires for women with pelvic floor disorders (PFDI-20 and PFIQ-7). 2005; 193:103-13. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.12.025

Cruz F, et al. Efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA in patients with urinary incontinence due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. 2011; 60:742-50. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2011.07.002

Smith FJ, et al. Lifetime risk of undergoing surgery for pelvic organ prolapse. 2010; 116:1096-100. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181f73729

Nager CW, et al. A randomized trial of urodynamic testing before stress-incontinence surgery. 2012; 366:1987-97. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1113595

Novara G, et al. Updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the comparative data on colposuspensions, pubovaginal slings, and midurethral tapes in the surgical treatment of female stress urinary incontinence. 2010; 58:218-38. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2010.04.022

Uebersax JS, et al. Short forms to assess life quality and symptom distress for urinary incontinence in women: the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire and the Urogenital Distress Inventory. Continence Program for Women Research Group. 1995; 14:131-9. doi: 10.1002/nau.1930140206

Chapple CR, et al. Randomized double-blind, active-controlled phase 3 study to assess 12-month safety and efficacy of mirabegron, a β(3)-adrenoceptor agonist, in overactive bladder. 2013; 63:296-305. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.10.048

Nitti VW, et al. OnabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of patients with overactive bladder and urinary incontinence: results of a phase 3, randomized, placebo controlled trial. 2013; 189:2186-93. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.12.022

de Leval J. Novel surgical technique for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence: transobturator vaginal tape inside-out. 2003; 44:724-30. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2003.09.003

Ginsberg D, et al. Phase 3 efficacy and tolerability study of onabotulinumtoxinA for urinary incontinence from neurogenic detrusor overactivity. 2012; 187:2131-9. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.01.125

Paraiso MFR, et al. Laparoscopic compared with robotic sacrocolpopexy for vaginal prolapse: a randomized controlled trial. 2011; 118:1005-1013. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e318231537c

Wu JM, et al. Forecasting the prevalence of pelvic floor disorders in U.S. Women: 2010 to 2050. 2009; 114:1278-1283. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181c2ce96

DeLancey JO, et al. Comparison of levator ani muscle defects and function in women with and without pelvic organ prolapse. 2007; 109:295-302. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000250901.57095.ba

Wu JM, et al. Prevalence and trends of symptomatic pelvic floor disorders in U.S. women. 2014; 123:141-148. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000057

Nilsson CG, et al. Eleven years prospective follow-up of the tension-free vaginal tape procedure for treatment of stress urinary incontinence. 2008; 19:1043-7. doi: 10.1007/s00192-008-0666-z

Subak LL, et al. Weight loss to treat urinary incontinence in overweight and obese women. 2009; 360:481-90. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0806375

Stöhrer M, et al. EAU guidelines on neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction. 2009; 56:81-8. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2009.04.028

Stewart WF, et al. Prevalence and burden of overactive bladder in the United States. 2003; 20:327-36. doi: 10.1007/s00345-002-0301-4

Schurch B, et al. Botulinum-A toxin for treating detrusor hyperreflexia in spinal cord injured patients: a new alternative to anticholinergic drugs? Preliminary results. 2000; 164:692-7. doi: 10.1097/00005392-200009010-00018

Nguyen JN and Burchette RJ. Outcome after anterior vaginal prolapse repair: a randomized controlled trial. 2008; 111:891-8. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31816a2489

van Kerrebroeck PE, et al. Results of sacral neuromodulation therapy for urinary voiding dysfunction: outcomes of a prospective, worldwide clinical study. 2007; 178:2029-34. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.07.032

Schurch B, et al. Botulinum toxin type a is a safe and effective treatment for neurogenic urinary incontinence: results of a single treatment, randomized, placebo controlled 6-month study. 2005; 174:196-200. doi: 10.1097/01.ju.0000162035.73977.1c

Dmochowski R, et al. Efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA for idiopathic overactive bladder: a double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized, dose ranging trial. 2010; 184:2416-22. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.08.021

Nilsson CG, et al. Seventeen years’ follow-up of the tension-free vaginal tape procedure for female stress urinary incontinence. 2013; 24:1265-9. doi: 10.1007/s00192-013-2090-2

Rogers RG, et al. A short form of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12). 2003; 14:164-8; discussion 168. doi: 10.1007/s00192-003-1063-2

Barber MD, et al. Defining success after surgery for pelvic organ prolapse. 2009; 114:600-609. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181b2b1ae

Thüroff JW, et al. EAU guidelines on urinary incontinence. 2011; 59:387-400. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2010.11.021

Dietz HP and Simpson JM. Levator trauma is associated with pelvic organ prolapse. 2008; 115:979-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01751.x

Herschorn S, et al. A phase III, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, multicentre study to assess the efficacy and safety of the β₃ adrenoceptor agonist, mirabegron, in patients with symptoms of overactive bladder. 2013; 82:313-20. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.02.077

Berry SH, et al. Prevalence of symptoms of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis among adult females in the United States. 2011; 186:540-4. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2011.03.132

Swift S, et al. Pelvic Organ Support Study (POSST): the distribution, clinical definition, and epidemiologic condition of pelvic organ support defects. 2005; 192:795-806. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.10.602

Dietz HP and Lanzarone V. Levator trauma after vaginal delivery. 2005; 106:707-12. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000178779.62181.01

Brubaker L, et al. Abdominal sacrocolpopexy with Burch colposuspension to reduce urinary stress incontinence. 2006; 354:1557-66. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa054208

Hunskaar S, et al. The prevalence of urinary incontinence in women in four European countries. 2004; 93:324-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2003.04609.x

Albo ME, et al. Burch colposuspension versus fascial sling to reduce urinary stress incontinence. 2007; 356:2143-55. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa070416

Yalcin I and Bump RC. Validation of two global impression questionnaires for incontinence. 2003; 189:98-101. doi: 10.1067/mob.2003.379

Fatton B, et al. Transvaginal repair of genital prolapse: preliminary results of a new tension-free vaginal mesh (Prolift technique)–a case series multicentric study. 2007; 18:743-52. doi: 10.1007/s00192-006-0234-3

Lucas MG, et al. EAU guidelines on assessment and nonsurgical management of urinary incontinence. 2012; 62:1130-42. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.08.047

Apostolidis A, et al. Decreased sensory receptors P2X3 and TRPV1 in suburothelial nerve fibers following intradetrusor injections of botulinum toxin for human detrusor overactivity. 2005; 174:977-82; discussion 982-3. doi: 10.1097/01.ju.0000169481.42259.54

Ward KL, et al. A prospective multicenter randomized trial of tension-free vaginal tape and colposuspension for primary urodynamic stress incontinence: two-year follow-up. 2004; 190:324-31. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2003.07.029

Homma Y, et al. Symptom assessment tool for overactive bladder syndrome–overactive bladder symptom score. 2006; 68:318-23. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2006.02.042

Benner JS, et al. Patient-reported reasons for discontinuing overactive bladder medication. 2010; 105:1276-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2009.09036.x

Kuuva N and Nilsson CG. A nationwide analysis of complications associated with the tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure. 2002; 81:72-7. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-0412.2002.810113.x

Lucas MG, et al. EAU guidelines on surgical treatment of urinary incontinence. 2012; 62:1118-29. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2012.09.023

DeLancey JO. Structural support of the urethra as it relates to stress urinary incontinence: the hammock hypothesis. 1994; 170:1713-20; discussion 1720-3. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(94)70346-9

Freeman RM, et al. A randomised controlled trial of abdominal versus laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy for the treatment of post-hysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse: LAS study. 2013; 24:377-84. doi: 10.1007/s00192-012-1885-x

Wei JT, et al. A midurethral sling to reduce incontinence after vaginal prolapse repair. 2012; 366:2358-67. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1111967

Peters KM, et al. Randomized trial of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation versus Sham efficacy in the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome: results from the SUmiT trial. 2010; 183:1438-43. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.12.036

Rockwood TH, et al. Patient and surgeon ranking of the severity of symptoms associated with fecal incontinence: the fecal incontinence severity index. 1999; 42:1525-32. doi: 10.1007/BF02236199

Maher CM, et al. Surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse in women: the updated summary version Cochrane review. 2011; 22:1445-57. doi: 10.1007/s00192-011-1542-9

van Kerrebroeck P, et al. The standardisation of terminology in nocturia: report from the Standardisation Sub-committee of the International Continence Society. 2002; 21:179-83. doi: 10.1002/nau.10053

DeLancey JO, et al. The appearance of levator ani muscle abnormalities in magnetic resonance images after vaginal delivery. 2003; 101:46-53. doi: 10.1016/s0029-7844(02)02465-1

Dietz HP, et al. Biometry of the pubovisceral muscle and levator hiatus by three-dimensional pelvic floor ultrasound. 2005; 25:580-5. doi: 10.1002/uog.1899

Hendrix SL, et al. Effects of estrogen with and without progestin on urinary incontinence. 2005; 293:935-48. doi: 10.1001/jama.293.8.935

Weber AM, et al. Anterior colporrhaphy: a randomized trial of three surgical techniques. 2001; 185:1299-304; discussion 1304-6. doi: 10.1067/mob.2001.119081

Peters KM, et al. Randomized trial of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation versus extended-release tolterodine: results from the overactive bladder innovative therapy trial. 2009; 182:1055-61. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.05.045

Hiltunen R, et al. Low-weight polypropylene mesh for anterior vaginal wall prolapse: a randomized controlled trial. 2007; 110:455-62. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000261899.87638.0a

Maher CF, et al. Abdominal sacral colpopexy or vaginal sacrospinous colpopexy for vaginal vault prolapse: a prospective randomized study. 2004; 190:20-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2003.08.031

Ward KL, et al. Tension-free vaginal tape versus colposuspension for primary urodynamic stress incontinence: 5-year follow up. 2008; 115:226-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2007.01548.x

Leach GE, et al. Female Stress Urinary Incontinence Clinical Guidelines Panel summary report on surgical management of female stress urinary incontinence. The American Urological Association. 1997; 158:875-80. doi: 10.1097/00005392-199709000-00054

Tikkinen KA, et al. Nocturia frequency, bother, and quality of life: how often is too often? A population-based study in Finland. 2010; 57:488-96. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2009.03.080

Dietz HP, et al. Minimal criteria for the diagnosis of avulsion of the puborectalis muscle by tomographic ultrasound. 2011; 22:699-704. doi: 10.1007/s00192-010-1329-4

Reitz A, et al. European experience of 200 cases treated with botulinum-A toxin injections into the detrusor muscle for urinary incontinence due to neurogenic detrusor overactivity. 2004; 45:510-5. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2003.12.004

Winters JC, et al. Urodynamic studies in adults: AUA/SUFU guideline. 2012; 188:2464-72. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2012.09.081

Brubaker L, et al. Refractory idiopathic urge urinary incontinence and botulinum A injection. 2008; 180:217-22. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2008.03.028

Maher C and O’Rourke P. Trocar-guided mesh compared with conventional vaginal repair in recurrent prolapse: a randomized controlled trial. 2011; 117:1435-1436. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31821daf31

Boyles SH, et al. Procedures for pelvic organ prolapse in the United States, 1979-1997. 2003; 188:108-15. doi: 10.1067/mob.2003.101

Samuelsson EC, et al. Signs of genital prolapse in a Swedish population of women 20 to 59 years of age and possible related factors. 1999; 180:299-305. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(99)70203-6

Santoro N and Komi J. Prevalence and impact of vaginal symptoms among postmenopausal women. 2009; 6:2133-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01335.x

Coyne KS, et al. The validation of the patient perception of bladder condition (PPBC): a single-item global measure for patients with overactive bladder. 2006; 49:1079-86. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2006.01.007

Coyne KS, et al. The burden of lower urinary tract symptoms: evaluating the effect of LUTS on health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression: EpiLUTS. 2009; 103 Suppl 3:4-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2009.08371.x

Dmochowski RR, et al. Update of AUA guideline on the surgical management of female stress urinary incontinence. 2010; 183:1906-14. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.02.2369

Handa VL, et al. Pelvic floor disorders 5-10 years after vaginal or cesarean childbirth. 2011; 118:777-84. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182267f2f

Luber KM, et al. The demographics of pelvic floor disorders: current observations and future projections. 2001; 184:1496-501; discussion 1501-3. doi: 10.1067/mob.2001.114868

Sahai A, et al. Efficacy of botulinum toxin-A for treating idiopathic detrusor overactivity: results from a single center, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. 2007; 177:2231-6. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2007.01.130

Hu TW, et al. Costs of urinary incontinence and overactive bladder in the United States: a comparative study. 2004; 63:461-5. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2003.10.037 These spacers are available to use for margins and padding with responsive utility classes. Combine these prefixes with a screen size and spacing scale to use them responsively.